The tenor tuba, also called euphonium, is pitched one octave above the contrabass tuba, B flat. B flat valve tubas are sometimes specifically called tenor tuba. Although tremendously rare, there are also BBB-flat subcontrabass tubas. There are four known of this type and the first two were made by Gustav Benson with the idea from John Philip Sousa. It is a wind instrument and controlling of the pitch is up to the player s varying embouchure. Adjusting the mouth s position and controlling how much wind goes through the bugle produces the tones. It is the foundation for various other wind instruments and is groundwork for learning mouth control for playing instruments other than the bugle. In the beginning of the 19th century, the harmonica s popularity grew and was established in Europe. It is invented by Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann. Parts of the harmonica Most modern harmonicas have 5 common parts mouthpiece, comb, reed-plate, windsaver, and cover plate. The mouthpiece is found on the side of the harmonica between the player s lips and the air chambers. The cutting power is the capability of the guitar to be audible even when accompanying other instruments. This does not mean that a guitar must always be loud but it means fitting and filling dry areas instead. The variation of tone depends on the acoustic guitar s material and method of construction. It is also said that it is the sound of Australia, the voice of the earth, and probably the world s most ancient musical instrument. The term didgeridoo is thought to be a word formed from Western invention. It is also considered to be from the Irish d daire or d idire which means trumpeter, long-necked person, or constant smoker and from dubh or duth meaning black or native respectively. The mandolin family The few other members of the mandolin family are the mandola, mando-bass, octave mandolin, piccolo, mandocello, and cittern. The mandola, also called tenor or alto mandola, is pitched a fifth under the mandolin. It has a scale length of approximately 16.5 inches. The mando-bass mandolins are tuned similar to a double bass and have four strings.