Dismantle the valves one by one, put three oil drops, and place the valves back. You would know that the valve is not in the correct place if you blow hard but the air is blocked. Draw the major tuning slide out to make the tuba longer and thus lower the pitch. Push the major tuning slide in to make the pitch higher. Mandolin styles There are six mandolin styles the Neapolitan bowlback, a-style flatback, f-style flatback, Maccaferi style flatback, solid body electric, and electro-acoustic mandolins. Basics of playing The very first step of playing the mandolin is to learn how to tune it because you cannot produce the right melody without proper tuning. There are some octavins that resemble the tarogato yet with a smaller taper. These have wooden bells and are straight rather than conical. It was created in C and B flat with a range of G?3 to G6. According to a piece of a writer known as Altenberg, there is a bass octavin which is an octave lower. Unfortunately, there is no such instrument that has been produced based on what we know. This is not because it is very complex to master and apply but because there are no more than four known professional castanet players all over the world. To compensate for this, a castanet machine is used. The cups of a castanet machine are attached to a piece of wood which ends in a handle that is held and shaken. It was very popular until the 1850 s and was played in compositions by a bandmaster of West Point s the United States Military Academy Band, Richard Willis. Uses of the bugle Bugles are used for bugle calls which indicate the start of camp daily routines. These were also for assembling leaders and for announcing marching commands in camp. During the time of Mozart, it had six keys but, during Hayden s, the 17 to 24 key versions arose. It elevated its status in the orchestra during the 18th century wherein orchestral and major solo music was made for it. Bassoons for military bands, tenoroons, and sub contrabassoons were created in the 19th century.